================================================================
BOB METCALFE: "From the Ether"  InfoWorld.com  December 14, 1999
================================================================
OPEN-SOURCE SENDMAIL WELCOMES ITS COMMERCIAL COUSIN, SENDMAIL INC.
LET'S START this week with some "open source" operating systems 
history. This will bring us from last week's letter of the week, 
lambda, to this week's, atsign (_at_). Then let's check on how 
open-source sendmail software, which uses atsign, is being 
leveraged by modern capitalists at Sendmail Inc.
Now look, we had open-source computer operating systems in the 
1970s. They included MIT's Multics, MIT's Incompatible 
Timesharing System (ITS), Bolt Beranek and Newman's Tenex, and 
AT&T's Unix.
For example, we ran Tenex at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center 
on our two clones of Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-10 
minicomputers.
But when minicomputers took off in the 1980s, it wasn't Multics, 
ITS, Tenex, or Unix that won out by freely proliferating their 
sources. Modern capitalists at Digital won in minicomputers by 
selling binaries of their proprietary VMS operating system, 
developed by the same David Cutler soon to deliver binaries of 
Windows 2000 from Microsoft.
If you're an old programmer, you probably used atsign (_at_) back 
then to indicate indirect addressing in assembly languages. You 
wrote _at_1234 to tell your computer not to use 1234 as an operand 
address, but rather to use the address found in location 1234. I 
wrote a lot of PDP-10 atsigns in my day, and so did one Ray 
Tomlinson, who was working with Tenex in 1970 on early versions 
of Internet host software.
Tomlinson wrote the Tenex software that composed, delivered, and 
read the first Internet e-mail. He doesn't remember what the 
first e-mail said, but we all remember what ASCII character 
Tomlinson chose to separate his e-mail address from the name of 
the server where his mailbox was kept. He chose atsign (_at_). 
Ray_at_BBN meant Ray at BBN.
Over the next decade, name and mail protocols changed, but 
atsign persisted. And one Eric Allman led the development of 
sendmail, to this day the Internet's primary (75 percent) mail 
server software.
[...]
MORE METCALFE
For a complete archive of his InfoWorld columns visit
http://www.infoworld.com/opinions/morefromtheether.html
Received on Tue Dec 14 1999 - 13:36:51 GMT